One more step along the road to IPv4 depletion happened today when
the Asia Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC) reached the last
block of Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) addresses in its available
pool, activating a major change in regional delegation policy.
This event is a key turning point in IPv4 exhaustion for the Asia
Pacific, as the remaining IPv4 space will be 'rationed' to network
operators to be used as essential connectivity with next-generation IPv6
addresses. All new and existing APNIC Members who meet the current
allocation criteria will be entitled to a maximum delegation of a /22
(1,024 addresses) of IPv4 space.
APNIC Director General Paul Wilson explained the Asia Pacific region is
the first to reach the point of being unable to meet IPv4 demand. This
is due to the unprecedented fixed and mobile network growth the region
is experiencing.
"Considering the ongoing demand for IP addresses, this date effectively
represents IPv4 exhaustion for many of the current operators in the Asia
Pacific region," Wilson said. "From this day onwards, IPv6 is mandatory
for building new Internet networks and services."
"The Asia Pacific region must quickly become the leader in IPv6
deployment so that it can maintain strong Internet growth rates in large
maturing economies such as India and China. Smaller economies, such as
some Pacific Island nations, are already showing high rates of IPv6
delegations."
"We are well on the way to being the first 'IPv6-enabled region', but we
have to keep the momentum strong. ISPs in the Asia Pacific must begin
transition plans if they have not already done so."
"IPv4 exhaustion has been identified as a key turning point for a long
time, and it should come as no surprise. Any organization that wishes to
remain viable must push forward with their IPv6 deployment."
The demand for IP addresses has skyrocketed in recent years with the growth of internet-connected devices such as smartphones.
"The most logical reason probably sits in your pocket," writes Geoff
Huston on his Potaroo blog. "The marketing of mobile internet services,
headlined by technologies such as Apple's iPhone and Google's Android
platforms, is now firmly in the phase of mainstream consumer marketing.
Given that mobile services represent a higher potential average revenue
per user over wired broadband services, the future direction of the mass
market Internet will be determined by the architectural and technical
choices taken by mobile services in the coming years, and the wireline
broadband services will probably further diminish in value and relative
importance to the overall direction of the Internet."
Huston notes that there were around 90 to 100 million mobile IP devices
sold in 2010, "headlined by technologies such as Apple's iPhone and
Google's Android platforms", which represented "a significant proportion
of the internet's service growth for the coming year." Huston asks "if
some 100 million new mobile services were activated in 2010, what can we
expect in 2011? Ever higher numbers, such as 150 million or 200
million? Or maybe not, because the other factor here is that of the
looming scarcity of IPv4 addresses."
With this use of IPv4 addresses, Huston predicts that APNIC will be the
first Regional Internet Registry "to exhaust its entire pool of
unallocated IPv4 addresses ... in mid 2011. The RIPE NCC and ARIN are
currently projected to exhaust their available supplies of IPv4
addresses in 2012."
But with no way to accurately predict IPv4 demand and the exhaustion
date, APNIC has been publishing daily updates on the status of the IPv4
pool to keep the community fully informed. The implementation of a
three-phase management plan would also guarantee absolute fairness in
the final stages of IPv4 exhaustion.
Phase One led up to the exhaustion of the IANA global IPv4 pool, which
occurred on 4 February 2011. During that time, no changes in allocation
policy or procedure were made and allocations were processed as usual,
according to demonstrated need.
While Phase Two did not introduce any new policies, APNIC Member
Services amended their evaluation and allocation procedures to ensure
all requests were dealt with in strict order of receipt and to ensure
fair processing.
Phase Three involves a policy change that restricts the amount of IPv4
address space available to each applicant. Agreed on by the Asia Pacific
Internet community, the Final /8 Policy conserves the remaining IPv4
address blocks to support the region's transition to IPv6. Without that
block of IPv4 space, new network operators would find it difficult, or
impossible, to connect to the Internet, even with large IPv6 address
allocations available from APNIC.
Mr Wilson said the intention is to provide both new and existing Members
with a single allocation from the Final /8. As the APNIC region is home
to many developing economies, this policy will conserve adequate space
for new entrants to the regional and global market.
"Economic activity in the Asia Pacific continues to gain momentum. The
high rate of new entrants to the Internet industry is still increasing,
and under this policy these newcomers will always have access to enough
IPv4 address space to begin operations in today's market," Mr Wilson
said.
A second benefit of the Final /8 Policy is that it provides additional
IPv4 address space to facilitate the transition to IPv6. Networks will
need to support both IPv6 and IPv4 for many years to ensure their
customers do not experience service disruptions.
During the past few years leading up to this point, APNIC has been
actively involved in the promotion of regional IPv6 deployment,
supported by extensive Liaison and Training programs.
Paul Wilson said IPv6 deployment requires involvement from the broader
stakeholder community, including government, commercial, and civil
society representatives across the region.
"It's important for every stakeholder group to be involved in regional
IPv6 deployment, because there are many different aspects to the
project," Wilson said.
In recent years, APNIC has developed a comprehensive program to support
IPv6 activities throughout the region, including capacity building,
infrastructure support, and especially, spreading awareness.
APNIC Senior IPv6 Program Specialist Miwa Fujii has attended several
regional forums to speak to non-technical stakeholders about IPv6
deployment, including the past three APEC TEL meetings.
"We have been very successful working with high-level ministerial
representatives in these forums, and they recognize the necessity of
IPv6 deployment as a requisite to other regional goals, such as
universal broadband access. We see the evidence of this in the fact that
a majority of governments in the Asia Pacific region have IPv6
initiatives supporting their local technical communities," Ms Fujii
said.
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